History Of Optic Fiber Usage Information Technology Essay

History Of Optic Fiber Usage Information Technology Essay The possibility of fiber optics correspondence framework is essentially sending data through light. Optical fiber was first evolved in 1970 as an essential correspondence reason with an exceptionally low lessening as transmitting light through fiber optics link for significant distance correspondence. In 1975, the principal business fiber optics correspondence framework was created utilizing semiconductor laser and worked at 0.8 Â µm frequency and a piece pace of 45 Mbps (Mega bits every second) up to 10 km (Elion 1978) (Sullivan Curt 2003). In long sea shore California was the main live phone traffic sent at around 6 Mbps and it was in 1977. From that point onward, ages of fiber optics framework innovations were created, improved, and moved up to accomplish the primary transoceanic activity in 1988. All fiber optics frameworks are constrained by something many refer to as scattering. The underlying idea of fiber optics was a trial including a can of water and daylight. It showed the suns reflection inside the pail with a gap and water spilling out lighting up the water and the daylight can be found in the surge of water (Elion 1978). At that point it proceeded onward to optical voice transmission known as photograph telephone. Further, it went to fiberscope that was utilized to investigate welds inside reactor vessels, burning offices of the fly motors, and afterward to the clinical field used in laparoscopic medical procedure. Explores and enhancements proceeded through the fiber optics ages to conquer the scattering wonders by utilizing scattering moved filaments to limit the scattering at 1.55 Â µm or by restricting the laser range to a solitary longitudinal mode (Alwayn 2004) (Sullivan Curt 2003). Using fiber optical intensification accompanied the advancement of the fifth era. The enhancement advancement decreased the need of utilizing repeaters and frequency division multiplexing (WDM); which will be depicted in subtleties later; and builds the information limit. By these turns of events, a piece pace of 10 Tb/s was accomplished in 2001. The advancements of fiber optics ages are a ceaseless activity to particularly for the colossal market of the web interchanges which requires an expansion in correspondences data transfer capacity, for example, video on request. These developing in utilizing web convention information traffic are expanding next to each other with quicker rate coordinated frameworks unpredictability. (Elion 1978) Fiber optics producers had decreased the expense by the gigantic solicitation of correspondence organizations, for example, ATT to exploit conveying the innovation of web and phone through higher information broadband administrations to clients homes (Sullivan Curt 2003) (Snell 1996). Fiber optics is as of now being utilized these days in military and business airplane, and a portion of the regions it out and out supplanted the Digital Flight Data Recorder with the more current Distributed Flight Data Acquisition Unit that plays out something very similar yet assesses substantially more data. In fact, future airplanes will see fiber optics innovation in the flight controls. Fiber optics has advanced for all intents and purposes from thoughts to a thing of things to come (Alwayn 2004) (Elion 1978). Fiber optics Application The interest and utilization of optical fiber has developed quickly and optical fiber applications are various. Extending from worldwide systems to work area workstation, media transmission applications are boundless. These include the transmission of information, voice, or video across separations of not exactly a meter to a large number of kilometers by using one of a couple of standard fiber plans inside one of a few link structures. Optical filaments are utilized via bearers to convey plain old telephone utility (POTS) over their across the country organizes. Moreover, nearby trade transporters (LECs) utilize fiber to convey a similar help across focal office switches at nearby levels and regularly to the extent the individual home (fiber to the home, FTTH) or neighborhood (Alwayn 2004) (Elion 1978). In addition, optical fiber has a far reaching use in transmission of information. Worldwide firms require dependable and secure frameworks for moving information and budgetary data among structures to the PCs of work area terminals and around the globe. Fiber is additionally utilized by link broadcasting organizations so as to convey computerized video and information administrations. Because of the high data transfer capacity offered by fiber, it is the perfect decision for transmitting broadband signs like the top notch TV broadcasts. Moreover, canny transportations frameworks incorporating brilliant thruways furnished with savvy traffic signals, variable message signs, and mechanized fee collection counters, additionally use telemetry frameworks dependent on fiber-optics (Alwayn 2004) (Fiber-Optics.Info 2010). Biomedical industry is another noteworthy use of optical fiber. Fiber-optic frameworks are utilized in practically all advanced telemedicine frameworks and gadgets for transmission of computerized demonstrative pictures. Furthermore, different applications for optical fiber additionally incorporate military, space, mechanical and the car segment (Elion 1978) (Snell 1996). Fiber optics correspondence innovation is utilized by todays media communications organizations, for example, ATT in the United States and BT in the UK. Additionally it is utilized by internet services and satellite TV signal suppliers, for example, Sky. For the gigantic cost of fiber optics framework, the innovation was first utilized for significant distance correspondence as it were. In any case, presently days improvements of the urban areas framework needed to occur to introduce the fiber optics correspondence framework paying little heed to the expense and tedious. The test of fiber optics innovation organizations was pondered emphatically the market and the expense of fiber optics correspondences dropped extensively (Alwayn 2004) (Elion 1978) (Fiber-Optics.Info 2010). By the advancements of optical enhancement framework, an intercontinental system of 250,000 km of submarine-correspondence link was created with a limit of about 2.5 Tb/s was accomplished. Additionally, the optical correspondence framework was introduced locally available airplanes for information, video, and radio signs correspondence. It was first acquainted with aeronautics industry by NASA investigates on military airplanes, for example, the main F/A-18 hornet through its RTDP; radar following and distinguishing framework processor, rocket video following framework, and with the FLIR framework; forward looking infra red sensor, and the incorporated radar framework with sped up and memory limit. Military airplanes are consistently deprived to diminish weight when it is in smooth stage to improve its capacity of moving and conveying different kinds of arms in an extremely exact focusing on and precise direction. Of late, this innovation was utilized on the F-22 airforce raptor on its fast information transport and fiber optics handset (Alwayn 2004). This thought was considered the common airplanes later on as they generally deprived to lessen weight to beat the fuel utilization and convey bigger number of travelers which means setting aside cash and expanding benefits. Other than that, the new flight frameworks innovation and multifaceted nature required new correspondence framework other than the copper wires, for example, the typical ARINCs (Fiber-Optics.Info 2010). Boeing and Airbus grew complex coordinated frameworks that control the airplane execution at a height of 30,000 ft or more which required greater and progressively entangled correspondence frameworks which implies: Increasingly possibility of shorting the wires. More EMI (electro-attractive impedance) which can cause a contortion for the signs More weight Increasingly possibility of shorting and cause starts and fire ready and airplane The primary authority use of fiber optics innovation utilization was ready the Boeing 777 after the improvement of its AIMS (Aircraft Information Management System) which have in excess of 2 million of PC codes. Additionally Boeing 777 was the principal airplane to introduce an optical LAN (neighborhood) for on-board information correspondence and on its lodge frameworks interchanges (Sullivan Curt 2003) (Snell 1996). From that point forward, fiber optics framework was introduced on the Boeing 757 flown via Air Mexico who didn't encounter a solitary disappointment. So here comes the security, unwavering quality, toughness and steadiness of signs interchanges on-board an airplane which can make the reasonableness part irrelevant. We need to make reference to that the expense of optical fiber frameworks are dropping for the foundations and advertising rivalry of immense number of producers and providers (Alwayn 2004) (Fiber-Optics.Info 2010). Fiber Optics versus Electrical Copper Wires: On a very basic level, there are three kinds of transmission media: copper wires, waveguides and free space. Copper wire, for example, coaxial link is extensively utilized. A sign is transmitted over the wire in either computerized or simple structure to a collector put toward the finish of the wire. Free-space transmission is likewise generally utilized through which radio, TV and different over the-air signals are conveyed. Waveguides portray the fiber-optic transmission. Essentially, a waveguide, for example, an optical fiber controls the electromagnetic radiation, light (Bidgoli 2010). Fiber optic transmission gives the best components of both free-space and coaxial transmission. It is fit for conveying a sign from direct A toward point B without any constrained electromagnetic range. In any case, it doesn't experience the ill effects of restricted information rate and data transfer capacity is a similar route as the coaxial links do. The benefits of fiber optics framework over the copper wires are: No Electro-Magnetic-Interference (EMI). No radio-Frequency-obstruction (EMF). Resistance from electromagnetic clamor High Signal quality Lighter weight links Longer separation ability (Bidgoli 2010) Littler distance across links which mean sparing more space. More prominent transmission capacity for information move Wellbeing against shorting and starting High data transmission and more noteworthy data limit Simple redesign: Can be updated simpler without tearing and replacin

African Union an Overview free essay sample

The OAU was then changed to AU in Sirte, Libya in 2001 with African pioneers expecting to fit the monetary and political strategies of every African country so as to improve dish African government assistance, and give Africans a strong voice in worldwide undertakings. The inquiry today is: Has the AU achieved these goals? To my view, there are heaps of positives that can beâ pointed from the alliance, however I have cynicism that Africa will one day become a genuinely autonomous and joined landmass just like the fantasies of the OAU establishing fathers. I am not amazed that a few people are scrutinizing the achievability of OAU establishing fathers thoughts. I would prefer not to likenâ pan-Africanists suchâ as Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, Ahmed Ben Bella of Algeria and Julius Nyerere of Tanzania, just to list a couple, to the incomparable philosopher, Karl Marx, whose thoughts are an insignificant evaluate of business as usual however offering minimal useful answers for cultural issues. We will compose a custom paper test on African Union: an Overview or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page While the OAU accomplished its undertaking to free other African states, it was considered excessively powerless in its offer to cause the landmass to acknowledge container African dreams. The issue isâ lack of monetary limit because of the reliance hypothesis [Africans relying upon previous colonizers on investigation of the landmasses resources] that has made the mainland unfit to change itself into a genuinely autonomous square. Theâ main issue however has beenâ inability by African states to decline to move to the tune of the previous colonizer’s ‘divide and rule strategies.  As an outcome, divisions have shaken the mainland to the degree that it is currently hard for African pioneers to sing from a similar psalm book in quest for skillet African goals. At the point when the AU was then settled, its supporters accepted that it would have a more grounded contract than the OAU, would be better financed, and would have the teeth that the OAU needed, including the ability to make a typical African Parliament, a Central Bank, a typical African cash and an International Court of Justice (Steinberg 2001). It was trusted that the AU would have the position and capacity to accomplish monetary and political mix among part states, just as work towards a typical barrier, remote and correspondences arrangement: national limits would be obscured, armed forces consolidated, and a solitary visa presented (Ibid). I harp on the issues of the AU, let me start with their accomplishments first. The coalition has accomplished a ton in joining the mainland. While the OAU’s significant quality was its capacity to decolonize the mainland, the AU has a command to protect that autonomy and supporter for harmony. The landmass has numerous territories where common wars are seething, yet the AU is doing a great deal in attempting to reestablish harmony in those upset spots. For instance, the association has peacekeepers in Somalia and Darfur to screen circumstances in those territories. As a matter of first importance, the move from a Secretariat to a Commission is one of the significant developments of the AU Constitutive Act, encapsulating the will to make a subjective bounce forward towards more coordination. The AUC has been considered as a collegial organization free from Member States, which has the skill to speak to the Union. It additionally assumes the job of coordination and harmonization of exercises and of execution of between African participation, which was recently done by intergovernmental organizations (the OAU Assembly and the Council of Ministers). In certain approach territories, the Commission demonstrated that it was in a situation to offer genuine increased the value of Member States. The AU has additionally assumed a urgent job in compromise. Albeit giving more capacity to local coalitions, for example, the SADC and ECOWAS on issues of compromise, the association ought to be commended for starting to lead the pack and continually checking circumstances where these territorial alliances are settling clashes. In the Zimbabwe emergency after the 2008 presidential run-off races, the AU assumed a pivotal job in an offer to reestablish mental soundness in the Southern African nation. As indicated by Cawthra (2010) SADC didn't give itself any intercession job, yet it was just when the matter of Zimbabwe was alluded to the AU at its Sharm el-Sheik (Egypt) Summit in June 2008, that the AU coordinated that SADC be placed accountable for intervening an answer for the emergency. SADC’s command in this way came straightforwardly from the AU and thusly, at its 2008 Dar-es-Salaam gathering, SADC delegated then South African president Thabo Mbeki as boss go between. During decisions in part nations, the AU sends onlookers to screen, something which is aâ giant step towards guaranteeing vote based system. AU’s endeavors towards monetary collaboration ought to likewise be complimented. It is the organization’s vision towards the participation of the third world that achieved the Preferential Trade Area for East and Southern Africa. The association was built up in 1981 with the goal of expanding financial and business collaboration between part states, blending levies, and decreasing exchange hindrances, with the possible point of making a typical market. It was anyway swapped by the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) in December 1994. This equivalent vision prompted the foundation of African monetary establishments, for example, the African Development Bank, the PTA Bank just as the African Export-Import Bank. These banks are answerable for leading improvement in the mainland by subsidizing formative ventures just as rescuing African budgetary establishments. In Zimbabwe for instance, the African Export-Import Bank supposedly rescued the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ) by giving US$80 million to the national bank to continue its loan specialist after all other options have run out job and improve liquidity on the market (The Standard, Saturday 28 January 2012). Until this point, the bank offers the African Trade Expansion and Diversification Scheme just as the African Development Scheme. The rundown gave from now on isn't comprehensive, however gives a thought of some significant accomplishments to which the African Union Commission (AUC) contributed: * Development of a dream for the AU up to 2015 [See Strategic Plan of the African Union Commission, Vol. Incompletely because of the nearness of a well known motivation towards unification, the planners of the AU have looked for a diagram enlivened by the most grounded, goal-oriented, and best model of provincial ID that exists to date, specifically the European Union (EU). Thus, the AU received and built up an advanced arrangement of aggregate security design with complex structures, extravagant thoughts, implanted in state-of-the-art human security standards, qualities, and standards. In such manner, Africa has no more neediness of thoughts. Be that as it may, it needs genuine limit (Ibid). While imitating the EU is to be praised, AU pioneers are separated, and have fallen into a similar pit as the OAU by embracing the way of life of non-impedance in the interior undertakings of part states. Not that I am supporting for the encroachment of a countrys right to power, however Iâ am saying the AU ought to at any rate make its goals bindingâ in request to tackle political issues on the mainland. For instance, while the alliance denounced the upset in Madagascar in 2009, the AU appears to be feeble to compel now President Andry Rajoelina out or if nothing else cause him to consent to aâ transitional game plan with removed pioneer, Mac Ravalomanana. I am tormented thatâ despiteâ propositions to fathoming the emergency, previous president Ravalomanana is still in a state of banishment and isn't permitted back in his nation. There is no uncertainty that this political unsteadiness will influence the financial presentation of Madagascar by pursuing ceaselessly speculators , an improvement that is a smack on the essence of the AU, whose order is to lead in both political and monetary liberation of the mainland. On the off chance that it everâ takes activity, the AU dawdles in arriving at a trade off and concoct an enduring answer for an emergency. As of now, the coalition is being decreased to a toothless bulldog as Sudan is ceaselessly threatening the recently autonomous South. Darfur has generally announced war against the South. In Libya for instance, the AU couldn't resolve the emergency until western countries attacked the oil-rich country, in a war that prompted the merciless murdering of Libyan pioneer, Colonel Muammar Gaddaffi and a huge number of regular people. Given every one of these shortcomings, the Current Analyst (2010) contends that the AU venture remains to a great extent dependent on governments whose quick need is to protect their national sway, not to pool it. What's more, most African pioneers have been censured for coming up short on the will to help structures and associations they have set up in quest for African targets. Taking the instance of the Pan African News Agency (PANA) for instance, it is a pity to take note of that continent’s news office is reeling under monetary burdens that the venture is not, at this point as suitable as it was planned to be. AU leaders’ failure to join the entire landmass because of political differences was apparent when Morocco pulled back from the OAU in November 1984 to fight the unlawful confirmation of oneself announced SADR which guarantees the autonomy of its southern territories recovered by Morocco in 1975 under a tripartite concurrence with Spain, the previous pioneer power. In July 2001 Morocco expressed that it won't hold fast to the AU, for it has rehashed a similar mistake as the OAU, when it permitted the SADR to sign on in spite of its absence of any worldwide acknowledgment. Morocco is a main nation in the landmass, and some case the AU can't manage without it. On the off chance that African heads were joined together, they ought to have figured out how to review Morocco once again into the association. Supreme solidarity of the landmass is additionally being undermined by e

Take a break, experience A Doubled Magic COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Take a break, experience A Doubled Magic COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Its prime application season, and I understand how stressful it can be for applicants. The anxiety of applying to graduate school is enough to make anyone doubt themselves.  Should I rewrite my personal statement to address an important childhood event? Maybe I really do need to retake the TOEFL exam.  Do I need two academic references or two professional references, and one of the other?  Dont let those thoughts in your head  consume your every waking moment. Some of your concerns may be legitimate, so its worth contacting the Office of Admissions for advice. But other times, not so much. If your concerns fall into the second category, then I say take a break for an hour or two to clear your head. Take a walk, call a family member, or enjoy a nice meal with friends. Do something other than  spend the next few hours stressing about your  graduate school application. Yes, you may think my advice is incredulous, but that doesnt make any less true. If you get lost in fixing your application, youll  forget about the bigger picture.  Its important to get back to the basics of  why  youre applying to graduate school in the first place. So  spend the next few hours reconnecting with yourself and your loved ones; youll be glad you did. If you need a little re-inspiration as to  why SIPA, then watch this 1-minute video about Columbia University. It was produced for  Columbia Athletics and is based on the words of Pulitzer Prize-winning Columbia alumnus Herman Wouk. The video is  intended for undergraduate students, but the message holds equally true for all the Seeple out there, too. Happy watching. I hope it inspires you.

Nurses Roles in Health Promotion Essay - 749 Words

Health Promotion Nurses play an important role in promoting health within the patient, family, and community (Kemppainen, Tassavainen, Turunen, 2012). The focus of patient care has been transferred from treating the illness to disease prevention (Mchugh, Robinson, Chesters, 2010). The implementation of consultation, education, and follow up exams can increase the overall quality of life for an individual (Kemppainen et al., 2012). I will discuss the various roles of a nurse in health promotion along with the multiple work environments in which they can be implemented within. I will also reveal the maintenance plan of my own personal health regimen. The ability to be an educator, advocate, empowering agent, coordinator of care,†¦show more content†¦The new implementations should be individualized around the patient’s personal values and goals. A nurse should empower the patient when times are challenging and continue to consult with the patient throughout the plan of care. Health promotion can be accomplished in various environments. Schools can be utilized for education purposes. Films, brochures, lectures, and class discussions can be routes of teaching about nutrition, hygiene, heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, and abuse. Health departments can distribute pamphlets concerning the importance of vaccinations and preventive strategies against sexually transmitted diseases. Hospitals and medical clinics can conduct health fairs that offer free blood pressure evaluations and cholesterol screenings. They can also educate the public about the serious signs and symptoms of a heart attack, stroke, dehydration, and heat exhaustion. My personal health promotion consists of exercising, eating healthy, and asking for help when feeling stressed. My place of employment offers a discounted gym membership that I take advantage of with my other coworkers. I love steamed veggies, fruits, nuts, and salads. I eat baked or grilled meat, because fried food disagrees with my stomach. I choose to drink water instead carbonated or sweetened drinks. I also have two wonderful sisters that will pitch in and help with my children’s after school activities when I need unwind and rest. It is imperative that nurses acquire theShow MoreRelatedRole of the Nurse in Health Promotion Essay2161 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Health promotion includes providing activities that improve a person’s health. These activities assist patients to â€Å"maintain or enhance their present levels of health. Health promotion activities motivate people to act positively to reach more stable levels of health† (Potter Perry, 2005, p. 97). In order for nurses to assist patients in obtaining healthy lifestyles, they must first assess a patient’s perception of health. The World Health Organization defines health as a â€Å"state ofRead MoreThe Role Of The Nurse As Leading Health Promotion Within A Psychiatric Setting1610 Words   |  7 PagesI aim to evaluate the role of the nurse in leading health promotion, with reference to The World Health Organisation’s â€Å"Health for All by the Year 2000† movement (WHO 1986a). I will also explore more recent strategies and initiatives such as The Quality Strategy (2010a) and The 2020 Vision (2011a) which underpin the significance of health promo tion in present-day nursing practice. I have chosen to look specifically at the role of the nurse in promoting good physical health within a psychiatric settingRead MoreNurses Play A Huge Role During Illness Prevention And Health Promotion1489 Words   |  6 Pages#51 Significantly, â€Å"Nurses play a huge role in illness prevention and health promotion. We, as nurses assume the role of ambassadors of wellness. Yes, I do believe that nurses play just as an important role in caring for the well as they do in caring for the sick. Perhaps caring for the well is the more important role. In this day and age of budget cuts, cost reduction and staffing shortages, health promotion makes sense. If we can preserve wellness, we reduce the number of times a person needsRead MorePrinciples Of Health Promotion And The Nurse s Role As Behavior Change Facilitator1502 Words   |  7 PagesPrinciples of Health Promotion and the Nurse’s Role as Behaviour Change Facilitator Introduction This report explores the fundamental role of Health Promotion to the health sector and individuals in relation to their biological, psychological and sociological aspects. To discuss its practical role in the society, a health promotion model is related to a family that lives in socially deprived district as determined by Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation (2014). In accordance to confidentialityRead MoreReview of Literature1273 Words   |  6 PagesHealth promotion is an essential health care issue that should be implemented by all members of the health care team (Hosseini, Torab, Taghdisi, Vardanjani, 2013). Nurses play a critical role in health promotion for patients, family, and community because we provide direct patient care and are able to see the whole picture of the client’s situation. The population of people with chronic illness is increasing and the health care needs of clients is trending in an upward fashion (Jadelhack, 2012)Read MoreHealth Promotion793 Wo rds   |  4 Pagesnow shifted to health promotion. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health promotion as the â€Å"process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. It moves beyond a focus on individual behavior towards a wide range of social and environmental interventions.† Health promotion focuses on changes to a community as well as an individuals health by modifying their behaviors to strive for optimal health, which The American Journal of Health Promotion defines as beingRead MoreA Literature Review of Health Promotion Essay1196 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature Review of Health Promotions Grand Canyon University NRS 429 September 12, 2010 Literature Review Traditionally the United States health care system has been sickness-oriented. However, in the last two decades, a new paradigm has emerged. This new paradigm emphasizes wellness rather than sickness. As a result in this change in focus, health promotion is now an integral part of the nursing profession. This research paper will review current literature fromRead MoreThree Levels of Health Promotion1264 Words   |  6 PagesThree Levels of Health Promotion Grand Canyon University: NRS-429V July 13, 2014 A process that will enable people to improve and have control over their health is called health promotion. For social and environmental interventions as our focus we will need to move beyond individual behavior. It seeks development of individual measures and communities to enhance well being by changing their lifestyles. Promoting public health is an important role for the nurse by changing theirRead MoreHealth Promotion1025 Words   |  5 PagesLevels of Health Promotion Health promotion is essential in keeping society and individuals healthy. Health promotion empowers communities and individuals for healthy living through education. The primary goal of health promotion is prevention. Nurses are key in health promotion and will be seen in diverse settings as health promotion evolves the nursing profession. There are three levels to health promotion that are utilized to optimize health. Definition of Health Promotion The World OrganizationRead MoreHealth Promotion1008 Words   |  5 PagesLevels of Health Promotion Health promotion is essential in keeping society and individuals healthy. Health promotion empowers communities and individuals for healthy living through education. The primary goal of health promotion is prevention. Nurses are key in health promotion and will be seen in diverse settings as health promotion evolves the nursing profession. There are three levels to health promotion that are utilized to optimize health. Definition of Health Promotion The World Organization

Essay on The Benefits of the Death Penalty - 1109 Words

Fifty-nine criminals were put to death by means of the death penalty in 2004. Whether it had been by lethal injection, electrocution, gas chamber, hanging or even the firing squad was it the correct thing to do? This is a commonly asked question concerning this controversial topic. Should these criminals, murders, and rapists have be put to death? Is the death penalty a proper form of punishment? As Sellin stated, Whenever hurt is done you shall give life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth... (9). Is the death penalty morally wrong? Anti Death penalty advocates argue life is so sacred that we shouldnt even be taking the lives of murderers, but what about the innocent people that died because of that murder. Steven D.†¦show more content†¦Therefore the cost no longer becomes a concern. Our tax dollars are being put to use by keeping the communities a safer and more comfortable place. The death penalty is constantly disputed, and those who oppose it find many reasons why it is wrong. One being that the people dont always know for sure if we are killing the correct person. How is it known that those people sentenced to the death penalty are the correct ones who murdered that certain person, or the man who raped all those women? Its not always one hundred percent accurate. Pro death penalty advocates believe that the approximate 23 people who were inaccurately sentenced isnt a considerable amount (11). It is worth that risk to know that many other individuals are safe. It is a a prevention of future offenses of the same kind. Who are the people to say that they will never escape or even harm one of our government officials. The criminal could harm other inmates, or even their prison guards. In a sense it is a self defense system. This was wonderfully stated in Robert E. Crowes statement in the book The Death Penalty: Opposing Viewpoints. I urge capital punishment for murder not because I believe that society wishes to take the life of a murderer but because society does not wish to lose its own. (10). The most commonly noted point to the argument of the deathShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of The Death Penalty Essay1295 Words   |  6 PagesJonathan Lewin Miss Woods English 2 Honors - Period 6 22 February 2016 Benefits of the Death Penalty One of the most debated issues, whether capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, should be banned or still be used, is still a widely disputed issue at the heart of political debate. Many states recently have been abolishing capital punishment. Yet, as of October 2014, support for capital punishment is still strong as three fifths of Americans continue to back capital punishment. ItRead MoreThe Benefits of the Death Penalty541 Words   |  2 Pagesthen they should be given the same treatment and be put to death, by the means of the death penalty, capital punishment. If the population knew that the death penalty was the punishment for murder they would think twice before committing such an act. It is expensive to house a death row inmate and the cost to the American tax payer is millions of dollars a year. It is very expensive because a death row inmate requires one officer to each death row inmate for a twenty-four hour, around the clock periodRead MoreBenefits Of Refo rming The Death Penalty Policy1296 Words   |  6 Pagesfamous War on Drugs. Ever since the 1970’s, prison population has been on the rise, which has had a direct effect on taxpayers, more than any other group. In this paper, I will explain the benefits of reforming the death penalty policy, which, if applied to all felons convicted of first-degree murder, would benefit the economy and society as a whole. Economic reasons The data In the year 2010, Vera Institute of Justice’s Center on Sentencing and Corrections performed a thorough survey on forty states’Read More Benefits of the Death Penalty Essay1545 Words   |  7 Pagessomeone you know? He should receive the death penalty! Murderers and rapists should be punished for the crimes they have committed and should pay the price for their wrongdoing. Having the death penalty in our society is humane; it helps the overcrowding problem and gives relief to the families of the victims, who had to go through an event such as murder. Without the death penalty, criminals would be more inclined to commit additional violent crimes. Fear of death discourages people from committingRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1312 Words   |  6 Pagesstatement. Given the conditions presented there is no moral reason to continue using the death penalty. In this case the death penalty cannot be said to be optimific (producing the best result) unless you h old the value of justice ahead of the value of society. To argue for this perspective requires an extremely skewed perception of value and if, as I will show, the death penalty provides no tangible benefit to society its use should be discontinued. Consequentialism states â€Å"an action is morallyRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Endorsed: An Opinion Essay649 Words   |  3 PagesThe Death Penalty: The debate regarding the death penalty is an issue that has continued to attract huge controversies in the past few years. Consequently, public opinion about the death penalty has relatively changed in the recent years though this concept has less support unlike mid-1990s. The main reason for the minimal support of the death penalty originates from the fact that its proponents cite similar reasons to those provided by its supporters two decades ago. The major factors that haveRead MoreThe Death Penalty : A Social Necessity1146 Words   |  5 PagesThe Death Penalty: A Social Necessity The death penalty has been an accepted practice of society for centuries. Michael Reggie reports the earliest legal records of the death penalty are â€Å"In the 18th Century BC, the Code of King Hammurabi of Babylon codified the death penalty for twenty five different crimes† (History of the Death Penalty web). In the more recent years capital punishment has been put under a microscope and the focus of intense debate. Regardless of which side of the argumentRead MoreDeath Penalty Argument Essay683 Words   |  3 PagesThe Death Penalty A society operates around communities of people who work together and do their part to form a functional place to live. Many people benefit from others throughout society without even knowing it. Society functions and benefits from people doing their part to keep our community safe and people benefit from society as well, but there is an exception. Criminals who have committed a crime that has placed them in prison for the rest of their life, without the possibility of paroleRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Not Be Considered Unethical Or Inhumane1569 Words   |  7 Pagessuch as the death penalty should not be considered unethical or inhumane. The death penalty may be difficult to understand, but based on recent studies, it is nearly proven that the death penalty will save money along with many other benefits. By using the death penalty it will eliminate same person crimes, will cause fear, will save money, and will open a jail cell. Also, fewer criminals will provide more food, sh elter and drinks for crimes that aren’t as bad. By using the death penalty it would benefitRead MoreDeath Penalty Essay1155 Words   |  5 PagesDeath Penalty Virtually every major program designed to address the underlying causes of violence and to support the poor, vulnerable, powerless victims of crime is being cut even further to the bone†¦ In this context, the proposition that the death penalty is a needed addition to our arsenal of weapons lacks credibility†¦ Scott Harshbarge, Attorney General of Massachusetts Across the United States, police officers are losing their jobs, prisoners are obtaining parole early, courts are

Sunshine Chapter 26 Free Essays

There was now quite a lot of blood, and†¦bits and pieces. I had blood on me too. Con seized my hand again, and said sharply, Come. We will write a custom essay sample on Sunshine Chapter 26 or any similar topic only for you Order Now I didn’t dare look in his face. There would be no comfort, no reassurance, in the face of any vampire. When I took a running step to keep up with him, my shoes slipped. In the blood. There was so much blood on our hands that as it dried, our fingers stuck together. The meaty smell was a miasma, a poison gas. We didn’t duck back into the chaos-space. I had half-forgotten my alignment, but it was now as if it was tied to me – or I was tied to it. It was pulling us along, through these dark broken streets where the shadows lay twisted and crumpled like dead bodies, pulling as if we were on a leash. I wanted to untie it, but I couldn’t, I mustn’t – I wanted to – no, it was too late; even if I had funked it now, at the last minute, after the last minute, all it would do now is get us killed. Sooner. I could hear them – someone – keeping pace with us – why didn’t they close in, cut us off, attack us? Con said quietly, as if there was no urgency whatsoever, â€Å"Bo will not be able to say your name. Either of your names.† What? Sunshine. Rae. Daylight names. Old vampires can’t say daylight words either? The very old vampires that can’t go out in the moonlight that is only faint reflected sunlight? The academics would have said Con counted as very old, and he didn’t even wait for full dark: twilight was good enough for him. And he called me Sunshine. There are different ways of being what we are. Apparently Bo hadn’t aged so well. Something to talk to the academics about. Variability of Aging Among Vampires. Usage of Certain Words Pertaining to Daylight by Aged Vampires. Maybe I could get my pass into the Other Museum’s library after all. No, wait. I was about to die. I didn’t immediately see what good Bo’s not being able to say my name was going to do me. Bo wasn’t going to need to say – or know – my name to kill me. Okay. Names are power. We’d had that back at the lake. Big deal. Fangs are more power. We’d had that at the lake too. Con had chosen to let me go. Bo wasn’t going to. Why had I agreed to this anyway? â€Å"You feel the pull strongly?† Con went on in that infuriatingly calm voice. â€Å"Bo has connected to our presence here. If we are separated, go on. Follow that connection to its end. Leave me. I will catch up with you when I can.† Oh good. I was so glad he would make the effort to catch up with me later. Although I wished he’d used the word goal or aim rather than end. â€Å"I recommend – † he added, dispassionate as ever – I was trying to remind myself that he always sounded unbothered, not to say dead. Or maybe that it was a good sign he sounded so unflapped now, as if this was still all part of the normal range of vampire activities. I almost didn’t hear the rest of what he was saying: † – you do not attempt to retreat into any Other-space, including the way I have brought us both. You would only draw some of Bo’s creatures after you, and their advantage there would be greater than yours.† Right. Like it wasn’t greater than mine everywhere. I realized that while we were no longer in the chaos-space, we weren’t exactly in No Town either. Or at least I hoped it wasn’t No Town, because if it was, our human world was in even more trouble than most of us knew about†¦than I knew about†¦again the thought came to me: What did I know? Pat said a hundred years, tops, before†¦And the people who came to No Town for thrills weren’t likely to notice that the whole scene was sliding over the edge of normal reality into†¦ I felt the pull strongly all right, like a hand around my throat that was slowly tightening. If I was a dog on a lead, I was wearing a choke collar, and my master didn’t like me much. Maybe it was that sense of pressure that made my vision go funny; but then, my vision had been funny for two months now, and I was kind of used to funniness. But this was a new kind of funniness, where things seemed to dance in and out of existence, rather than merely in and out of light and darkness. There were streetlights where we were – some of them still worked – and great swathes of darkness. There was the uneven pavement under our feet, the potholed roads, the crumbling curbs. Once I stepped unawares on a manhole cover and the sound this made, even in this night of horrors, made my heart leap into my throat. There were tall buildings that seemed to prowl among the shadows; a few of them had dim lights burning that gave the old peeling posters on their walls an undesirable life: huge painted eyes winked at me, fingers as long as my legs beckoned to me. The way the clubs leaped out of the night with their noise and bewildering lighting, stabbing and erratic, rhythmic and dazzling, rainbow-colored or this week’s fashion match, heightened that sense of Otherwhere: hey, I wanted to say to some of the humans we passed, you don’t need drugs, let me tell you, there are spaces between worlds, there are master vampires that loop invisible ropes around your neck and drag you to your doom†¦ We are running through No Town. I hear our footsteps – no, I hear my footsteps, and the kind of unmatched echo that chills your blood, because you know it means you’re not alone, and what you’re not alone with isn’t human. I remember when hearing and seeing were simple, it had to do with sound and light and the manageable equations they taught you in school. I am wondering if anyone notices us; the only kind of running that goes on here is the furtive kind, no joggers out to burn off last night’s burger and fries or reach the buzz of an endorphin high. No one, hearing running footsteps – especially running footsteps with an unmatched echo – is going to look up if they can help it. I guess I can stop worrying about seeing someone I know†¦ A few people do look up, though: bad consciences, old habits, a momentary – or drug-induced – forgetfulness about who or where they are? I think I meet the eyes of one young woman: I see her take me in, take Con in, disbelieve us both†¦and then we’re past her, running out of the light-surf, back into the ocean of darkness. Into a fresh seethe of vampires. They didn’t want to connect with me. Lucky me. I winced and twitched out of the way of anything I saw, anything I half-saw; I stopped trying to see anything, and let my instinct – whatever instinct this was – keep me moving. Where was Con? No, I still knew him from the rest of them. For one thing, he was the center of the seethe. If there’s only one guy on your team, he’s the one everybody else is jumping on. It went on in a horrible almost-silence. There was a hot circlet around my neck and across my breast; there were two small fires burning in my two front jeans pockets. Apparently they’d learned their lesson that first time, when the sunsword had hit the pillow; they didn’t set my clothes on fire this time either. And it wasn’t because they weren’t really putting it out: they were. The evening we’d blown SOF HQ wasn’t even a dress rehearsal for what was going on now. Even with my talismans going full throttle my luck didn’t hold for long. Something – someone – crashed into me, tore me away from Con, out of the seethe; it was taking me somewhere. It was, in fact, the same direction I was being dragged by my invisible leash, but I didn’t feel I wanted any help getting there sooner; besides, whatever Con had said about going on without him, I’d rather not, thanks. I saw a shape, and ducked away from it. It seemed a little uncertain of its own bearings; it missed its grab, and teeth ground down my arm, strangely fumbling, if teeth can fumble. Hey, my jugular is up this way. I wished for a nice apple-tree stake, well impregnated with mistletoe, except I didn’t know how to use it; staking takes training. The table knife had been a one-off†¦I put my right hand in my pocket, braced the butt end of my hot little knife against my palm, and pointed it up between my fingers: not with the blade open, just the hard blunt end of it, like a single fat brass knuckle. I saw it momentarily, shining like a tiny moon, like a slightly misaligned gem-stone in a ring. Then I swung it, with my paltry human strength, up in the general direction of where the base of the breastbone that belonged to the teeth in my other arm might be. I connected. The wide blunt end of my knife†¦sank in. As it did it blazed up, no longer moonlike but sunlike, golden, shining, a tongue of flame, and in its light I saw a golden lattice extending up my arm. I had just time to remember what had happened in an alley when I had used a table knife. The noise was different. There were no narrow alley walls for the gobbets to smack against. Instead I heard the thick heavy splat, like loathsome rain, as they fell around me. I’d forgotten the smell – the smell of something long dead and rotten. I thought, they’re not even a little human any more when they explode: they shatter so easily, like throwing an overripe melon against a fence. No melon ever smelled like this†¦ Con rematerialized from wherever he had been, from whatever he had been doing. I just managed not to wince out of his way too. The problem was he looked like a vampire, and at the moment he looked a lot more like a vampire than he looked like Con. One of the even-more-comforting-than-usual stories about vampires is that sometimes, during vampire gang wars for example, they go into berserker furies and tear anything they can get their hands on apart, not only their enemies but their comrades, the guys on their own side. Supposedly the berserker fit can last quite a while, and if a particularly effective dismemberer gets to the end of the bodies around it before the fit wears off, it will tear itself to shreds too. Maybe this is a consoling story when you’re at home with a book or reading it off your combox screen: the idea that there are that many fewer vampires in the world, that they had done each other in while we humans cowered safely behind closed doors with a hell of a lot of wards nailed over them. (If you find yourself so unlucky as to be living somewhere there is a sucker gang war going on, you pin a lot of wards around your house, and you do not go out after dark or before dawn for any reason.) I didn’t know what a vampire running amok looked like, but it might have looked like Con. It wasn’t just†¦it wasn’t†¦Look, if you ever have the opportunity to choose between being eaten by a tiger and bitten by an enraged vampire, take the tiger. I was probably off in my feeble little human she’s-in-shock-wrap-her-in-a-blanket-and-get-out-the-whisky space. Humans don’t deal with extreme situations very well. Our pathetic bodies freak out. We freeze, and our blood pressure falls, and we can’t think, and all that. I stood there, staring, while Con snarled and showed me his teeth, and didn’t offer me the blanket or the whisky or the hot sweet tea. Then – maybe he remembered I was his ally, maybe he’d remembered that but had momentarily forgotten, seeing me as soaked in blood and sprinkled with the remains of a mutilated enemy as he, that I was a mere human. Maybe the snarl was the vampire equivalent of â€Å"Hot damn! Well done!† Whatever. He stopped snarling, and†¦drew his face together. When he seized my slimy hand and pulled me along after him again I didn’t gibber, I didn’t collapse, and I didn’t throw up. I stuffed my knife back into my pocket, and went. I wish I could forget how it feels, your hair stuck to your skull with blood, foul blood running gummily down inside your clothes, invading your privacy, your decency, your humanity, till it chafes you with every breath, every movement, the tug of it as it dries on your skin feeling like some kind of snare. Blood in your mouth, that you cannot spit the vile taste of away. I think I must have gone into some kind of berserker fury myself. There are things you don’t want to know you can do, aren’t there? But if you’re lucky you never find them out. I found out too many of them, all at once. I, who had to leave the kitchen at Charlie’s when they were whacking up meat into joints or putting slabs of drippy pulpy maroony-red stuff through the grinder. Blood stings when it gets in your eyes. And it’s viscous, so it’s hard to blink out again. It may not only be because the blood stings that you’re weeping. I have always been afraid of more things than I can remember at one time. Mom, when I was younger, and still admitted to some of them, said that it was the price of having a good imagination, and suggested I stop reading the Blood Lore series (which was past thirty volumes even then) and maybe retiring Immortal Death and Below Hell Keep from the top bookshelf for a while. I didn’t, but it wouldn’t have done any good if I had. Reading scary books is weirdly reassuring, most of the time: it means at least one other person – the author – has imagined things as awful as you have. What’s bad is when the author comes up with stuff you hadn’t thought of yet. I’d thought it was bad when I was just reading stuff I hadn’t thought of. And even then I’d known that sometimes it’s worse when the author leaves it to your imagination. I stopped using my knife. I found out I didn’t have to. I found out I could do it with my hands. It was still mostly Con, that we got through. Even warded up the wazoo and covered in bright gold cobweb I was still only human. I was still slower and weaker than any vampire. But I had Con. And I was warded and webbed, and the vampires didn’t like tangling with me. They kept choosing to tangle with Con, even though they could see – graphically – what had happened to the last vampire or twelve or twenty-seven or four thousand and eight vampires that had tangled with Con. If we ever got to the end of all this, ha ha and so on, and wanted to find our way back out of the maze, it wasn’t a thread we would have to follow but a path paved with undead body parts. Maybe they thought they’d wear him out or something. I still got a few. You’d think offing a few vampires would feel like doing a community service, wouldn’t you? It doesn’t. Not even when they don’t explode. That’s why I started doing it with my hands. They didn’t explode, I discovered, if I merely jammed my fingers in under their breastbones and pulled. My vampire affinity. I lost track. There was gore and gruesomeness and then more of it and I hated all of it, and was ready to be killed, just to get away from it, if someone would promise me, cross their heart and hope to die, very very funny, that I wouldn’t rise again. In any semblance. I still wasn’t sure about the mechanics of turning and it seemed to me that dying in the present circumstances probably wasn’t the best recipe for staying quietly in my grave afterward. Supposing someone found enough of me to bury. I would have liked to give up. I meant to give up. But I couldn’t. Like I couldn’t stay at home and hide under the bed, I guess. Maybe it was promising Con to stick around as long as I could. Stick seemed the right verb under the circumstances. Every time I lifted one of my blood-clotted shoes there was a sticky, ripping noise. And then everything went quiet, at least except for the noise I was making. Mostly it was just breathing. Maybe bleating a little. One of the things that had happened during the business of savaging our way through Bo’s army was that I’d begun to know where Con was, like I knew where my right hand or my left leg was. It was a bit like unwrapping something from swathes of tissue paper, or following an idea through its development to a conclusion. You have an inkling of something, some shape or concept, and it gets clearer and stronger till you know what it is. It happened while the occasional shrieks and dead-flesh noises went on, all those near-misses with my own death. I understood that I was crazy, crazy to be still alive, crazy to be doing what I was doing to stay alive, crazy to be trying to stay alive. This knowingness about Con was a strange island in a strange ocean. That sense of Con’s presence, of his precise location, had undoubtedly saved my life several times in the carnage, if it hadn’t done much for my sanity. But it meant that when things suddenly went quiet and I felt someone – some vampire – coming noiselessly up behind me, I knew it was Con. Well well, said a silent voice from an invisible speaker. This meeting has heen much more amusing than I anticipated. I didn’t have to hear Con snort. He didn’t, of course. Vampires don’t snort, even with derision. But I knew as Con knew that the voice was lying when it said amusing. I also knew who this was. Bo. Mr. Beauregard. The fellow who had got us in all this. The fellow we were here to have the final meeting with. Him or us. I was pretty sure things had only started to get amusing, even if they hadn’t gone quite as Bo had expected so far. And while I knew vampires didn’t get tired, exactly, I knew that they could come to the end of their strength. I’d seen Con coming to the end of his, out at the lake. I didn’t know how one evening of tearing up your fellow vampires limb from limb matched against having been chained to the wall of a house with a ward sign eating into your ankle and the sun creeping after you through the windows every day, day after day, but I doubted Con was feeling bright-eyed and bushy-tailed now. I sure wasn’t. I was missing my nice sympathetic human emergency room tech saying, â€Å"There’s nothing really wrong with you, we’re giving you a sedative and you can go home.† I was als o so tired that the weirdness of my dark vision was starting to bother me again, like new shoes that aren’t quite broken in yet that you’ve been wearing too long. I couldn’t tell how much of what I seemed to be seeing was happening, and how much of it was my overstressed brain playing tricks on my eyes. I stared around, trying to make sense of what I was†¦okay, not seeing, it was dark in here, wherever it was. When had it become in here? We’d started out on the streets of No Town, more or less. Well, we weren’t there any more. Given the†¦mess†¦I was glad no humans were likely to stumble across us. I tried to settle down, settle back into my skin – except I didn’t want to be in my skin any more. I didn’t want to be me. I didn’t want to know me. But the animal body was overriding the conscious brain, the brain that ground out concepts like worthwhile and not worthwhile. My medulla oblongata was determined to stay alive, whatever my cerebrum said. For a moment I seemed to be floating up above myself, looking down at the bloody wreckage, at the two figures still standing, Con and me, standing next to each other, facing in the same direction. When Bo spoke again, I snapped back together, body and mind. I could almost hear the clunk, as the bolts slotted into place, trapping me with myself again. I may have hated and feared myself now, but I hated and feared Beauregard worse. Welcome, welcome. Do come in. Welcome between us, Connie, has been a curious affair for some years now, eh? I imagine you haven’t been too surprised. Perhaps you explained it to your companion. I hope so, Connie. It would have been rude of you to omit explanation, I feel, and you have always been the soul of courtesy, haven’t you? Your little human, Connie, is very enterprising. She has been nosing around me for some little while. I’m surprised, Connie, that you would allow a human to do your, shall I say, dirty work? You must have found your experience a few months ago more debilitating than I realized. Or perhaps more corrupting. And I had thought Con’s laugh was horrible. I blanked out when Bo laughed, like you blank out when you’re conked on the head. It’s not a voluntary response. Maybe I should have been insulted that I was being ignored. I wasn’t. I didn’t want him to say anything to me. The mere experience – I won’t call it sound – of his voice was like having the skin peeled off me – the skin I hadn’t wanted to fit myself back inside a few moments ago. Very, very distantly it occurred to me that if I was feeling a little brighter I might find it funny that Bo seemed to be accusing me of being a bad influence. On a vampire. But I wasn’t feeling brighter. Oh yes, I am here, waiting for you. Do keep coming on. After all, you have worked quite hard to progress so far, have you not? It would be a pity to waste all that effort. And I really don’t feel I could let you go now without paying your respects to me personally. It would be so rude. And wasn’t I just saying, Connie, that you are the soul of courtesy? The voice itself was flaying me alive. What was left of my mind and will were addled with the effort to remain – myself. Slowly, painfully, I moved my right hand, slid it stickily into my pocket, and closed my gummy and aching fingers around my little knife. It wasn’t hot any more, but the painful pressure of the voice eased a little. I dropped my eyes and through the smeary muck on my forearms I could see the occasional gleam of golden webbing. Do walk on. Please. That please seemed to last a century. Walking on being precisely what he was trying to prevent us from doing, by the nonsound of his voice. I squeezed my knife till I could feel it grinding into my palm, and took a step forward. So did Con. He didn’t take my hand again, but as we moved, his shoulder brushed mine. I realized it was important not to appear to be struggling. Con could probably have moved faster without me, but he didn’t; he waited. So I raised my other foot and took another step. And another. Con matched me, and with every step we touched, briefly, shoulder or arm or back of hand. There was a sort of quiver against my breast, as if the chain that hung there was rearranging itself. You must be tired, said the voice. You are walking so slowly. But I heard it too. He was losing this round, as he had lost the first one, because we weren’t paralyzed and helpless. Because I wasn’t dying under the scourge of his voice. I wondered how much worse it would be if he said my name. It became easier as we went on; he’d withdrawn, I guess, plotting his next move. We didn’t get rushed by any minions trying to kill us either. I kept my hand wrapped around my knife, and I felt the little hard lump that was the seal against my other leg. The chain felt stretched across my breast like a rock-climber spread-eagled across a particularly tricky slope. I pretended I was going forward bravely, ready for the next challenge. But I’d been wounded by that voice: the bitter burning of acid. My body throbbed with it, despite the talismans, despite the light-web. Every step blew a little gust of pain through me. I tried not to shiver, which would only make it worse; and besides, pathetically, I didn’t want Con to despise me. As our shoulders brushed, I felt him helping me, offering me his strength. I forgot again that he was a vampire, that I was afraid of him too, that I hated what he could do and had done, tonight, hated him for making me find out wh at I could do. He was also all I had. He was my ally and if I was going to let him down, which I probably was, at least let me not do it because I just lost it. The silvery luminescence that began eerily to come up around us was genuine light of some sort, light that a human eye could respond to. But there was nothing here I wanted to see, that I wouldn’t rather be able to trick myself into half-believing I wasn’t seeing, that my human neurons were confused by the vampire thing I was infected with. We were in a huge room. There were enormous pipes, and the remains of scaffolding, and machinery, all round the walls, and more overhead. Some kind of derelict factory; No Town was full of them. This one had been renovated, in a way; the sickly wash of marsh-light gleamed off knobs and rivets, dials and gadgetry that no human had ever invented, let alone put together. I wondered, dimly, if there was any purpose to them, or if they were merely backdrop, window dressing, the latest vampire version of Bram Stoker’s febrile fantasy of ruined castles and earth-filled coffins. Big or important vampire gangs always had a headquarters, and headquarters usually contained some accommodations for those nights they wanted a change from eating out, and they felt like throwing a dinner party at home. Such a space would be suitably decorated to inspire further adrenaline panic in their visitors, and the word was that techno degeneracy had been the staging of choice since the Wars, although h ow anyone found this out to report it on the globenet was a mystery. Stoker and his coffins had always been nonsense, but the vampires had borrowed the idea for a century or two as a ruse-en-scene because it worked. The lack of scarlet-lined black capes and funny accents tonight wasn’t making me happy. I knew immediately that I didn’t like techno degeneracy either, but I wouldn’t have liked earth-filled coffins any better. If there was any surprise, it was that I had any energy left to dislike anything. I was much better off disliking the decor, and trying to convince myself I wasn’t seeing it anyway. At the far end of the big room there was a dais, and on that dais sat Bo. I felt his eyes on me. Look at me, they said. It wasn’t a voice this time, or even a compulsion, like the drag like a rope round my neck I had felt earlier. Not looking into his eyes felt like trying to prevent my heart from beating. But I didn’t look, and my heart continued to beat. The dais was a tall one, and on the steps up to it lounged several more vampires. They were all watching us with interest. I could see the glitter of eyes. I wondered if vampire eyes really do glitter, or if it was something to do with the marsh-light, or with my dark vision, or with the fact that I’d gone crazy and hadn’t figured this out yet. So, okay, chances were I wasn’t going to stay alive long enough to do any figuring, but I was still alive at the moment, and I was†¦it seemed ridiculous even as it occurred to me, but I was angry. I’d had my life ruined by this disgusting, undead monster. I had nothing to lose. All the best stuff in the books – and sometimes in history too – gets done by people who have nothing left to lose and so aren’t always looking over their shoulders for the way out after it was over. I thought, wistfully, that I’d rather be looking over my shoulder for the way out. But I wasn’t. I was about to die. But if I could take him – the Bo-thing – with me, it would have been worth it. The thought flamed up in me, like the sun coming up over the horizon. Yes. It will be worth it. I took my hand out of my pocket. Now all I had to do was do it. We reached the bottom of the dais. Those eyes were still pulling at me. Deliberately, consciously, voluntarily, I lifted my own eyes and met them. Monster didn’t begin to cover it. Ironically the greeting we’d had from his guard corps had done me a service; I think if I hadn’t already been shocked beyond my capacity to handle it I wouldn’t have survived the initial blow of looking into the eyes of the master. Maybe it was a good thing I’d already lost my soul, that I was already half out of my body, my mind, my life. Because it meant I wasn’t there to meet the full force of Bo’s gaze. It was bad enough anyway. The distillation of hundreds of years of evil shimmering in those eyes, and his enjoyment of my looking at it. But he also expected me to crack, to disintegrate, immediately. He thought that as soon as I looked into his eyes it would be all over. Never mind that I could, apparently, look into ordinary vampires’ eyes. That had happened occasionally. (I saw this in his eyes too, and thought, it did? Remember this. The part of me that was looking forward to finishing dying said, What for?) Bo was a master vampire. He could destroy vampires with his glare. A mere human would incinerate on the spot. Oh, and his eyes were colorless. Did I say that? I hadn’t thought of evil as being without color but it is. Once you get past plain everyday wickedness, the color is squeezed right out of it. Evil is a kind of oblivion, having destroyed everything on its way there. I did go up in flames. But they weren’t the flames he had anticipated. The light-web blazed up, like a lit fuse running back to the detonator, the bomb, snaking along the ground as it had been laid out: a slender tongue of fire began in a curl on the back of each of my hands. They ran up my arms, licking along the lines of the lattice, across my breast – the chain around my neck flared – into my scalp; I could feel my hair rising, waving in the fire, or perhaps it became fire itself; running down my back, my belly, my legs. The lighting of that fuse was looking into Bo’s eyes. I was on fire. I put one flaming foot on the first stair of the dais, and stepped up. I was still staring into Bo’s eyes. I felt, rather than saw, the vampires on the dais slither together and descend on Con. I don’t know if they saw me burst into flames or not; I don’t know if they were the sort of flames that anyone sees, even vampires. If they did see the light-web ignite, presumably they thought it was to do with their master having me well in hand, and they could afford to concentrate on Con. But Bo gave me another gift, as I toiled up the dais stairs toward him, letting me see, briefly, out of his eyes, to the bottom of the dais, behind me. I saw the other vampires pull Con down. The vampires around Bo’s dais would be the elite, of course, as the welcoming committee had been the cannon fodder; and as I say, I’m not sure that vampires get tired, exactly, but they can come to the end of their strength. I thought now, as I flamed (I seemed to hear the roaring of flame too) that Con might have given me more of his remaining strength than I had realized, to get me this far. More than he could spare. Which meant I had to†¦ I saw one of the vampires bend over him, as they pinned him down, its mouth open, fangs shining: it buried its face in his throat. I saw him jerk and heave, but they had him fast. I saw another vampire delicately unbutton the remains of his shirt, stroke his chest†¦ I saw its fingers reaching under Con’s breastbone for his heart. It wasn’t anything so clear and noble as a decision that since I could do nothing for him I might as well get on with what I was doing. That Con was dying in a good cause if I could finish it before I died too. It wasn’t a meeting of my strength against Bo’s either, because Bo was still the stronger. He was going to stop me before I reached him. I was two steps from the summit, the crown where Bo sat enthroned, and I couldn’t go any farther. But I still couldn’t watch Con die. I couldn’t. Think about cinnamon rolls. Think about the bakery at Charlie’s. Feel the dough under your hands and the heat of the ovens. Think about Charlie cranking down the awning, Mom going into the office and flicking on her combox before she takes off her coat. Think about Mel in the kitchen next door. Think about Pat and Jesse sitting at their table, eating everything that Mary puts in front of them; think about Mary pouring hot coffee. Think about Mrs. Bialosky sitting at her table, and Maud sitting across from her. †¦And for a moment I saw them, Mrs. B and Maud. They were holding hands across the table, and their faces looked haggard and strained and awful, as if they were waiting to hear the news of someone’s death. News they were expecting. And then Mrs. B looked up, straight at me, as she had the day I had been watching her from behind the counter, and Maud looked up too, over her shoulder, as Mrs. B was looking. Their eyes met mine. Standing behind them I seemed to see Mel. He held out his arms toward me, and flames leaped from his skin, as if his tattoos were a light-web. I took the last two steps. I was standing in front of Bo. But I couldn’t bring myself to touch him – to try to touch him. I said that monster doesn’t cover it. There is no word for a several-hundred-year-old vampire who has performed every available wickedness over and over till he has to invent unavailable ones because he’d worn the others out. His flesh was not flesh; it was a viscous ooze, held together by malice. His voice was a manifestation of malignancy, for he had no tongue, no larynx; his eyes were the purest imagination of evil: flawless in a way that flesh could never be. I knew that if I touched him I would be re-created into such as he was. The scar on my breast burst apart, and my poisoned blood ran down. I stopped. I stopped trying. But Bo made a mistake. He laughed. I reached into my left-hand pocket, and took out the daylight charm. I didn’t look at it, but I felt the tiny sun spin and blaze, the tree shake its leaves – yesssss – the deer raise her head, acknowledging her own death, watching it come toward her. I felt the moving line of the water-barrier around its edge. As Bo laughed, I threw the charm down the noisome hole that indicated his mouth. A little tracery of fire followed it, like an arrow carrying a rope across a chasm. The mouth-hole closed with a sucking sound – something an ear could hear. What there was that was left of him in the real world wavered and became vulnerable to reality again, as the force and concentration of his will faltered in surprise. Surprise and pain. The fire – my fire – ran up his face; his eyes No no I can’t say But he had been strong and evil and undead for such a long time, and I had been alive and human for such a short time. My little fire wavered, and began to ebb. His face writhed: he was about to speak. Ssssssss How to cite Sunshine Chapter 26, Essay examples

Facilities and Opportunities to Aboriginals †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Facilities and Opportunities to Aboriginals. Answer: Introduction: The speech of Pauline was against the separatism encouraged by the government in Australia wherein the government provided land, money, facilities and opportunities to the Aboriginals. She raised her voice against the inequality, which was prevalent in Australia in 1996. The Government considered Aboriginals to be the most disadvantaged persons in the country. She opposed to the fact that color must not be the base to decide whether one is disadvantaged or not. She raised her voice against the society where there existed two different races with their race specific privileges. The nation was being divided into blacks and whites. The speech of Pauline was logical enough to be accepted by me. It was necessary to stop all sorts of discriminations to ensure that the world is a happy and peaceful place to live in. As an Aboriginal, I felt that everyone has the right to equality and right to participation. Racism is harmful for the development of a country and must be avoided. Racism affects the social, economic, political and cultural well- being of a nation. Yes, I agree with her thoughts. Race and color not be a basis for discriminating someone and providing special privileges to others. Every individual belonging to a same country must have equal rights. No special allowances or privileges must be provided on the basis of color and race. In todays world, we emphasize upon being global citizens with the right to participate in the global decisions. This is possible only when there is no discrimination among the individuals on the basis of nation, color, caste, religion and race. Prime Minister Kevin Rudds sorry speech was a turning point in the politics of Australia. The apologies for the laws that caused grievances among the Australians were about to change. The apology was basically for the separation of Aboriginal children from their families and country. Australia was about to witness new laws and policies, which would ensure mutual respect, mutual responsibility and mutual resolve. Yes, I found it an emotional experience. Yes, I agree with saying sorry. Yes, it did affect me personally. We need to belong because it is a human emotional need. Every human wants to be loved and accepted by the society in which he or she lives in. The society involves family members, friends, colleagues, teachers, and all the other people with whom an individual associates. Need to belong is more than being acquainted with other people. It involves acceptance, support and attention from the society as well as providing acceptance, support and attention to the other members of the society. We need to belong because it affects our behavior. It is an intrinsic motivation for an individual and affects the way a person presents himself. Need to belong is also a part of Maslows need hierarchy theory, which acts as a major motivating factor. The need to belong becomes essential once the physiological and safety needs of a person is satisfied. A person is able to satisfy his or her needs of esteem and self- actualization only when his need for love and belongingness are satisfied. Therefore, we need to belong in order to remain motivated and achieve the goals of our life. I belong with the Aboriginal race of Australia being indigenous to the mainland of Australia. The people who belong to same religion, color, culture and race fit in easily. The people belonging to different religion, race, culture and color do not fit in easily. The society gets to decide who fits in well and who does not. The society either accepts or rejects a person. According to me, it is easier for the people belonging to same culture and race to get along with well however; it becomes difficult for an outsider to create his position in a different society. Usually societies do not accept an outsider easily. There are several factors that affect the belongingness of a person in a different society, which includes color, race, culture, religion and many more factors. All these separate a person from us to them. People are aware about several racist incidents taking place in different parts of the world. It is not easy for the members of a culture to accept the values and traditions of another culture. All these factors become a basis of discrimination and lack of belongingness. White Australia policy is a combination of several policies that prohibited the non- European people to migrate to Australia. There was absence of a specific policy but there was a collection of policies, which were invented to exclude the Asian people especially Chinese and people belonging to Pacific islands. These policies were abolished between 1949 to 1973. We pride ourselves on our generosity and diversity of the society. Walking down the streets we are surrounded by the difference. I have experienced this scenario before and I have reacted positively to the situation. All humans are equal in my eyes and everyone deserves the right to equality. I am strictly against discrimination on grounds like color, race, religion and culture. I believe that due to these differences we have a lot to explore about a person and learn the values taught by the other cultures. It made me feel positive, as the world is a mix of cultures and traditions, which are very interesting to explore. Today when I walk down the streets, I see people belonging to different cultures, races and colors as with the advent of globalization; the world has become more united and closely knitted. Today is the age of global citizenship wherein a person belonging to any country, culture, religion and color is free to move from one place to another and associate with people be longing to different culture and society. References https://museumsvictoria.com.au/website/immigrationmuseum/discoverycentre/identity/index.html

A 21st Century Manifestation of the Enlightenment Jean

Introduction In 2006 Jean-Pierre Gauthier, a talented Canadian artist who won numerous prestigious art awards, created one of the most significant artworks of the beginning of the 21st century (Jean-Pierre Gauthier 2008). He also won one of the most significant art awards, Sobey Art Award (Juliusson 2004). He called his work Battements et Papillons (Beats and Butterflies).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on A 21st Century Manifestation of the Enlightenment: Jean-Pierre Gauthier, Battements et Papillons specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This installation is a great illustration of digital art since it is created with the help of technology and at the same time bears prominent artistic value. It inspires and evokes ideas about some personal things. Every viewer perceives this work of art in his/her own way (Jean-Pierre Art Gallery of Nova Scotia 2009). Beats and Butterflies is not just another installation which includ es some musical instrument creating some sort of noise. Gauthier’s art work represents a divine device which creates beautiful melody with no human interference. In one of his interviews the artist stated: â€Å"The motion, the sound, all the dimensions and the references too – I try to bring them to another level† (Landry 2009). He manages to do so. His unique to reveal new facets of motion and sound make his installation Beats and Butterflies one of the most explicit manifestations of liberation aesthetics. The artists does not resort to conventional rules of form, he rather tries to reveal his own emotions, what he feels â€Å"from the work† (Landry 2009). Gauthier’s installation Beats and Butterflies is liberated from any conventions and laws. There is only one person to dictate his will in his art work – Jean-Pierre Gauthier himself. The installation also illustrates the four principles of the art of Enlightenment which make the work th at important and valuable. The principle of autonomy is explicitly revealed in the work The artwork, Beats and Butterflies, is unique representative of kinetic art. Gauthier is regarded as not only an artist, but as â€Å"inventor and musician† as well (Jean-Pierre Gauthier: Machines at Play 2009). He does not follow some fashionable trends or conventional rules. Gauthier’s installation Beats and Butterflies differs from the rest of artworks. The artist is absolutely autonomous. The installation reveals individuality of the talented kinetic artist who controls motion and sound. It is also important to point out that the artist utilizes â€Å"everyday instruments† and ordinary objects â€Å"creating a hazy environment from easy pieces† (Orlov 2003, 103). This is one of his peculiarities which made some people call him a â€Å"virtuoso of everyday reality, an artisan of contemporary art, an entomologist of sound† (Musà ©e d’art contemporain d e Montrà ©al 2007). Gauthier’s uniqueness lies in his absolutely inexplicable ability to transform â€Å"everyday objects† (MOCCA 2005).Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, this very installation also reveals the idea of autonomy. There is no human to play the piano. The sounds are created by some external invisible power. It is possible to see and feel the motion which creates the beautiful melodies: there are some cables moving and keys are also in motion. Nevertheless, there is no definite creator of the music. The work’s Agency description The second principle of the art of Enlightenment is also explicitly revealed in the work. The installation, Beats and Butterflies, can be characterized by the relationship between the principal and his agent which is absolutely unique. Gauthier’s works of art cannot be regarded as â€Å"art that just hangs quietly o n the wall† (Clair 2008). Gauthier’s Beats and Butterflies is constantly in motion. Though the work has been created by the artist it has the life of its own. There is certain power of Providence in the installation since it seems that some divine powers play the instrument. When listening to the music it is possible to feel that it is not about physical rules of kinetics or rather that kinetics is not about Physics, it is something about magic. Viewers can see â€Å"piano, bench, aluminum tape, motion detectors, microcontrollers, solenoids, relays, metal tension cables, motor† and other physical objects (DOCAM n.d.). Nevertheless, it is impossible to perceive this work of art as a physical object. The instrument is ordinary piano, but the artist made it look like a magic cornucopia which produces divine sounds instead of divine food. At this point it is necessary to add that this very installation has been presented at numerous exhibitions not only in Canada, Un ited States or Europe, it was popular in countries of the East (Garcia 2007). There is even a documentary devoted to the artist’s works (Akron Art Museum n.d.). Nowadays his works can be also viewed online (Vimeo n.d.). Thus, seemingly distant from its creator the installation reveals his vision and his feelings worldwide. The work’s Criticality description Every art work of Gauthier bears important message. His installations can touch upon absolutely different topics. For instance, he tied motion and sport in his installations (Arena: The Art of Hockey 2008). His artwork, Beats and Butterflies, draws links between music and motion. It goes without saying that this installation evokes curiosity and like all his works makes viewers try to figure out how it all works (Johnson 2003). Some find it easy to teach acoustics and kinetics using Gauthier’s art (Jean Pierre Gauthier: Machines at Play n.d.). Nevertheless, the idea of his works is much more important than ev oking curiosity or teaching some laws of Physics. Gauthier stipulates:Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on A 21st Century Manifestation of the Enlightenment: Jean-Pierre Gauthier, Battements et Papillons specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More †¦I try to create brief moments of elation that activate the ear so it is no longer an organ waiting to be stuffed like a goose. At those moments, the ears are mouth and eye at once; they observe carefully, stealthily, and greedily imbibe the sound. (Jean-Pierre Gauthier’s Official Website) Thus, the artist creates a whole new world, the fourth dimension where sounds can be perceived in some other way. Gauthier’s Beats and Butterfly carry out his intention perfectly. The dark space and the piano creating magnificent sounds do transform the ideas of motion, sound, music and art. The work’s Universality description It goes without saying that the work which ap peals to the bottoms of viewers’ hearts, evokes various thoughts and ideas, and simply inspires, is universal. Of course, everyone perceives it in some specific way, but no one remains indifferent. For instance, people pertaining to the world of art regard Gauthier’s works â€Å"transforming an environment in a way that gives the viewer a new experience of the familiar† as unique and significant (Rudolph 2010). Children also appreciated this installation and their astonished faces became an evidence that the work reached their hearts (Police Community Response 2010). Some say that Gauthier’s works â€Å"have a strange effect on viewers† and it is really so (Machines at Play 2010). This peculiarity of his works makes them universal. Conclusion On balance, it is possible to state that Beats and Butterflies is the work of art which is the perfect illustration of the art of Enlightenment realizing the four principles: Universality, Criticality, Princip les of Agency and Autonomy. This installation is a unique artwork which makes people see and feel new dimensions and worlds. Reference List Akron Art Museum. Jean-Pierre Gauthier: Machines at Play. Western Reserve Public Media. http://westernreservepublicmedia.org/machinesatplay/guide.htm (assessed March 10, 2011). Arena: The Art of Hockey. 2008. Canadian Art. http://gg-art.com/news/newsread/artnews26476.html (assessed March 10, 2011).Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Art Gallery of Nova Scotia. Jean-Pierre Gauthier Makes a Generous Gift to AGNS. Art Gallery of Nova Scotia. http://www.artgalleryofnovascotia.ca/en/AGNS_Halifax/news/news/jeanpierregauthiermachinesatplayartistoffersagiftt.aspx (assessed March 10, 2011). Clair, Jeff St. 2008. Jean-Pierre Gauthier: Machines at Play at the Akron Art Museum. WKSU, (September 24), http://www.wksu.org/news/story/22387 (assessed March 10, 2011). DOCAM. Jean-Pierre Gauthier, Battements et Papillons, 2006. Documentation and Conservation of the Media Arts Heritage. http://www.docam.ca/en/case-studies/battements-et-papillons.html (assessed March 10, 2011). Garcia, Cathy Rose A. 2007. Listen to Beauty of Sound Art in Seoul. The Korea Times, (September 30), http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2008/04/145_10992.html (assessed March 10, 2011). Jean Pierre Gauthier: Machines at Play. 2009. Akron Art Museum. http://www.akronartmuseum.org/exhibitions/details.php?unid=721 (assessed March 10, 2011). Jean Pierre Ga uthier: Machines at Play. Western Reserve Public Media. http://www.akronartmuseum.org/display/files/machinesguide.pdf (assessed March 10, 2011). Jean-Pierre Gauthier: Machines at Play to Open at the Art Gallery of Hamilton. gg-art.com, (December 31), http://gg-art.com/news/newsread/artnews26476.html (assessed March 10, 2011). Jean-Pierre Gauthier’s Official Website. http://sites.google.com/site/jpgauthiermachines/english (assessed March 10, 2011). Johnson, Ken. 2003. ART IN REVIEW; Jean-Pierre Gauthier – ‘Sporadic Exchange’. The New York Times, (July 4), http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D01E3DA1E3AF937A35754C0A9659C8B63 (assessed March 10, 2011). Juliusson, Svava. 2004. Jean-Pierre Gauthier Wins Sobey Art Award. E-Flux, (October 28), http://www.e-flux.com/shows/view/1621 (assessed March 10, 2011). Landry, Mike. 2009. Jean-Pierre Gauthier’s Noise Control. The Coast, (December 24), http://www.thecoast.ca/halifax/jean-pierre-gauthiers-no ise-control/Content?oid=1448783 (assessed March 10, 2011). Machines at Play. 2009/10. Art Gallery of Nova Scotia Winter Journal, 34: 21. MOCCA. Toronto International Art Fair. Museum of Contemporary Canadian Art. http://www.mocca.ca/exhibition/toronto-international-art-fair-toronto-alternative-art-fair-international/ (assessed March 10, 2011). Musà ©e d’art Contemporain de Montrà ©al. Jean-Pierre Gauthier Exhibition: February 10 to April 22, 2007. Musà ©e d’art Contemporain de Montrà ©al. http://www.macm.org/en/presse/52.html (assessed March 10, 2011). Orlov, Piotr. 2003. Chelsea Version. The Village Voice, July 9: 103-117. Police Community Response. 2010. Spotlight on Public Safety, 2, no. 4: 3. Rudolph, Ellen. 2010. What Is Kinetic Sound Installation? An Interpretive Guide to the Exhibition†¦ The Prairie Art Gallery, January. Vimeo. http://vimeo.com/18467582 . This essay on A 21st Century Manifestation of the Enlightenment: Jean-Pierre Gauthier, Battements et Papillons was written and submitted by user Alejandro Whitehead to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Hormones essays

Hormones essays Endocrinology is the study of chemical communication systems that provide the means to control a huge number of physiologic processes. Like other communication networks, endocrine systems contain transmitters, signals and receivers that are called, respectively hormone producing cells, hormones and receptors. What exactly are hormones and how are they different from "non-hormones"? Hormones are chemical messengers secreted into blood or extracellular fluid by one cell that affect the functioning of other cells. Most hormones circulate in blood, coming into contact with essentially all cells. However, a given hormone usually affects only a limited number of cells, which are called target cells. A target cell responds to a hormone because it bears receptors for the hormone. In other words, a particular cell is a target cell for a hormone if it contains functional receptors for that hormone, and cells which do not have such a receptor cannot be influenced directly by that hormone. Reception of a radio broadcast provides a good analogy. Everyone within range of a transmitter for National Public Radio is exposed to that signal (even if they don't contribute!). However, in order to be a NPR target and thus influenced directly by their broadcasts, you have to have a receiver tuned to that frequency. Hormone receptors are found either exposed on the surface of the cell or within the cell, depending on the type of hormone. In very basic terms, binding of hormone to receptor triggers a cascade of reactions within the cell that affects function. Additional details about receptor structure and function are provided in the section on hormone mechanism of action. Endocrine action: the hormone is distributed in blood and binds to distant target cells. Paracrine action: the hormone acts locally by diffusing from its source to target cells in the neighborhood. Autocrine action: the hormone acts on the same ...

Gustave Courbet, Young Women from the Village and John Singer Sargent, Term Paper

Gustave Courbet, Young Women from the Village and John Singer Sargent, The Wyndham Sisters - Term Paper Example The paper "Gustave Courbet, Young Women from the Village and John Singer Sargent, The Wyndham Sisters" compares, in detail, two significant works of art. The first work is Gustave Courbet's Young Women from the Village and the second work is John Singer Sargent's The Wyndham Sisters. The first piece of work is entitled Young Women From the Village. The nature of this piece is extremely organic and elemental. At first glance, one can’t help but notice the greenery in the backdrop which meets a skyline that almost appears to be approaching darkness or the color of a storm. The women in the painting do not seem to notice anything about their surroundings except for the young girl who appears to be a peasant as she is not dressed as formally as the women which surround her. The painting also features several cows along with a spaniel breed of dog. There is a certain serenity in the piece somewhat akin to a still life or what is often found in landscapes. The piece is indicative of the time period as the women are dressed in floor length, casual dresses with hats and parasols. It is as though the women are caught in a perpetual moment of leisure on the outskirts of a pasture which seems to go on until the skyline begins. This piece may be compared to the piece entitled The Wyndham Sisters by John Singer Sargent primarily on the basis of it’s feminine quality. Both of these works feature several woman, all dressed indicative of the time period. The latter of the two works however, depicts three women.

Globalization case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Globalization - Case Study Example However, this assumption is not true as the social dynamics witnessed in Tunisia has revolutionized this conservative thought and new behaviors have been adopted. As at 2013, 32% of the whole population of Tunisia had taken alcohol by 40 years and this implies that the few existing factories cannot sufficiently meet the existing demand (Angel-Urdinola, 2015, p.112). The company seeks to use this entry market strategy so as to sell its wine and spirits products owing to the cultural and political environment in Tunisia may not be that favorable to set a manufacturing company at the moment. The country is, in most cases, marred with constant violence and interreligious wars animosity (Angel-Urdinola et al., 2015, p.67). The deep-rooted Arabic culture and language may not also favor foreigners who have little or no mastery of this environment. It is, therefore, advantageous if the manufacturing industry is set in a different country and goods supplied to consumers through intermediaries based in Tunisia who understand the diversities of the local market. This strategy will largely help to solve the global local dilemmas that the country is likely to face such as cultural issues, language barriers, lack of raw materials and political interferences among others as the intermediaries are able to come in between the producer and the consumer and facilitate free flow of the products. The agents are able to effectively inform both the buyer and the exporter about issues concerning the products based on first-hand research (Hisrich, 2010, p.98). Tunisia’s policies on trade instruments such as tariffs, quotas and taxes among others simplify the business process. There are limited stringent rules that block foreign investors as the government encourages international investment to promote the economy. There are no meaningful barriers to market

Strategic Importance Of Anticipated Hr Requirements Commerce Essay

Strategic Importance Of Anticipated Hr Requirements Commerce Essay HRP is the process by which an organization ensures that it has the right number and kinds of people, at the right places, at the right time and that these people are capable of performing their tasks effectively and efficiently. This helps the organization to achieve its overall objectives. Two major ways in which societal trends affect employment is through consumer markets, which affect the demand for goods and services, and labour markets, which affect the supply of people needed to produce goods and services. Maintaining a flexible workforce is the major challenge of the HR department and HRP helps it handle this challenge. HRP is done at different levels corporate, intermediate, and operations levels and for short-term activities. A proper human resource planning exercise should utilize the inputs of all the departments in the organization and enjoy the support of the top management. A human resource professional would be better equipped for human resource planning if he has a good understanding of the market dynamics, changes in the economy,organizational processes and technological developments. The process of HRP involves three key steps assessing and making an inventory of the current human resources, forecasting the organizations human resource needs and matching the demand and supply of human resources. Forecasting the overall human resource requirements involves studying the factors affecting the supply and estimating the increase or decrease in the external and internal supply of human resources. New hires, transfers-in, individuals returning from leave etc. increase the internal supply of human resources, while retirements, dismissals, transfers-out of the unit, lay-off, voluntary quits, sabbaticals, prolonged illness, and deaths reduce the supply. Part 1 Strategic importance or current, future anticipated HR Requirement Strategies concerns for hiring people at time of requirement and laying them off when they are not required. This strategy argument distinguish between personnel and the human resources. Human Resource Requirement is to control labour costs, looking for the talented labours or employees, making informed business decisions and assessing the future market risks. The important work of the HR people is too place right people for the right job at a right time and with the right price which an organization can afford because the employees are the main assets of the organization. H.R people plans that what the organization will need with his employees and those employees can meet the needs or the target of an organizations. The major problem now is faced by the H.R people is that this may create the gap between the organizations demand and the availability of the workforce supply, the organization is going to develop new strategies or approaches to close these gaps. Strategies as per the H.R Requirements Environment Scan Environment Scanning is a form of business intelligence. If the environment of the organization is in good, then it is easy for the new worker to mix up with the environment of the work, and it is going to help the organization that the employee or worker is giving his/her fullest working skills. Current Workforce Profile Current State is a profile of the demand and supply factors both internally and externally of the workforce the organization has today. Future Workforce View H.R people look towards the future organization that what all the requirements they need for the organization, what all the demand of the market, what sought of trend is going to be there, what will be the requirement of the employees at what price or the requirement of some other resources which may help to improve in the workforce in future and creates much better Working Environment of an organization. As well thinking about the Quantitative and Qualitative of the product and as well as for the employees.(It may be Internal or External demand and supply) Closing the Gaps The major work of the H.R people is to close gaps between the management and the employees, so that the easy flow of working can be there which will help to the organization for achieving its goals. H.R people work is to motivate the workers and employees at time of they needed, it can be in terms of money or as per the requirement of the employee or worker which an organization can easily provide while looking to the past performance of the employee. There are other things which an organization required to close those gaps, those are Resourcing, Learning and Development, Remuneration, Industrial Relations, Recruitment, Retention, Knowledge Management, Job design. HR Planning impacts on the Strategic Plan Integrating human resource management strategies and systems to achieve the overall mission, strategies, and success of the firm while meeting the needs of employees and stakeholders. (Source: Herman Schwind, Hari Das and Terry Wagar, Human Resource Management: A Strategic Approach) As per the HR plan for the Strategic Plans it may Positive or Negative too for an organizations, but we are going to discussed on the positive side of the impacts on the strategic plan. Strategy Development Develop strategies for workforce transition. -List specific goals to address workforce competency gaps or surpluses. -Changes in organizational structure -Succession planning -Retention programs -Recruitment plans -Career development programs -Leadership development -Organizational training and employee development. These are the developments which are going to impact on the organization with the help of HR planning in the strategic plan, these plans may be for the future or the current plans as per the requirements of the organization. Part 2 Human resources are the participants as also the beneficiaries of economic development process. In that, human resources figure on the demand as well as the supply side of production of goods and services in the economy. On the demand side, goods and services produced are used by the human beings to alleviate poverty, improve health, generate better living conditions, enhance general educational levels and provide better facilities for training. Utilisation of goods and services thus leads to an improvement of quality of human resources. On the supply side, human resources and capital form essential ingredients of production systems which transform natural and physical resources into goods and services. Complementarity between human resources and capital is so close that optimal increases in output and hence optimal economic growth is not possible through increases in one of them either human resources or capital at the cost of the other.Some growth of course can be had from the increase in more conventional capital even though the labour that is available is lacking both in skill and knowledge. But the rate of growth will be seriously limited. It simply is not possible to have the fruits of modern agriculture and the abundance of modern industry without making large investments in human beings . There is an optimal ratio of human resources to capital which has to be maintained to reach the attainable rate of economic growth. In this Unit we will take into account the two dimensions of human resources: Quantity and Quality in context of HRP in general and also in tourism. Quantitative and Qualitative on the basis of legal requirement of Human Resource Planning Human being is looked as productive power which is one of the part of the population of an economy and another one the human being those are without any productive power. Population Population of a country, in a generic sense, is taken as constituting the totality of all human beings of the country. The concept of population, viewed in this manner, appears to be very simple. However, in reality, the definitions used vary not only from country to country but even within a country depending on the purpose of enquiry. Broadly, the definitions of population used may be categorised into de facto and de ju re. Human resources being an integral part of population, the growth of human resources is depend on the growth of population. Population growth is measure by three factors: population structure, migration and population policies. Age Composition Age composition means dividing the population by age groups, usually five year age groups. At some point of time it shows the results of the past trends in mortality and in fertility. In the computation rate of growth of population, future births are usually computed by applying five year age specific fertility rates to the women of child bearing age (10 to 49 years) at the midpoint of each five-years time interval. It is useful in analysing and in computing of the labour supply. Normally the active age-group is being considered to be 15 to 65 years. Migration Another factor which causes changes in population is the net migration. If the net migration is positive, the population rise at a rate faster than the indicated by natural growth. If the net migration is negative then it causes decline in the rate of growth indicated by the natural growth. If population changes then it doesnt cause changes as such in the human resources. Rather than change in the economical active component of population which affects the growth in the human resources. In terms of economic activity classification, population may be divided into workers and non-workers. Workers are defined as a person who actively participate in the productive work by mentally or physically presence. It includes not only the actual work but also includes effective direction and supervision. The non workers is being categorised as : beggars, retired person, full-time students, infants and dependent doing no work, persons engaged in household duties, renters living on rent on an agricultural or non-agricultural royalty, vagrants and others with unspecified sources of income, inmates of penal, charitable and metal institutions, unemployed but available for work, and others. Labour force is that segment of population whose work is to produce goods and services demanded by the whole population they are known as economically active population also, Usually they are aged between 15-64 years. However, not everyone in the productive age-group is effectively in the labour force. According to the accepted definition, labour force comprises all persons of either sex who furnish the supply of labour available for the production of economic goods and services including:employers, employees, self-employed persons, and those engaged in family enterprises without pay. Education and Training Education and training is the most affective quality of the human resources in the terms of skills and knowledge. Educational labour demand is more than the uneducated labour in the market. Education and training serve both social and individuals ends. Education and Training affects on the culture and social for the up gradation of an individual. In other words training and education for the society means to take advantage of the technology which helps in the furthering technological progress. Depending on the methods of imparting knowledge and skills, education and training may be classified into two types: Formal and Informal. Formal education and training, which is imparted through schools and colleges, emphasises transfer of knowledge. Informal education and training such as on-the-job training and hereditary training lays stress on transfer of skills, i.e., practical application of knowledge. As far as development of education and training is concerned there are five choice areas which are critical: Choice between science and technology on the one hand, and on the other hand liberal and humanities. Choice between quality and quantity in education and training. Choice between level of education such as higher, secondary and primary education. Choice between market forces and incentives to attract people into some occupations. Choice between the aspirations of individuals and needs of the society. Health and Nutrition Health and nutrition status is one of the most important status for an human resource as significantly they contribute in building and maintaining a productive human ability as well as improving in the average expectation of life and a quality of life. There are three determinants of health status: Public sanitation, climate and availability of medical facilities. Peoples knowledge and understanding of health hygiene and nutrition. Education, health and nutrition are inter-linked and they complement each other in the process of human resources development. Equality of Opportunity Investments in human resources development do not always ensure proportionate development of all sections of population. In the absence of deliberate policy intervention, there are bound to be discriminations. We can say that there are three distinct forms of discriminations which are relevant to developing nations: Social discrimination may take either the form of sex discrimination or discrimination among different social groups or both. For example, a few years back the air hostesses of a particular airlines petitioned in the court because their retirement age was earlier than of their male counterparts. The court upheld their petition and now the retirement age of both male and female air hostesses is same. Economic discrimination takes place largely among groups of population belonging to different economic strata classified in terms of either income generating assets. Regional discrimination can be in the form of either discrimination between rural and urban population or discrimination among population belonging to different regions. These three forms of discriminations individually and/or jointly lead to inequality of opportunities of varying degree among different sections of population. Discrimination of any form causes differential access to education and training, and health and nutrition. This in turn leads to differences in quality and productivity of human resources belonging to different segments of the population with the privileged benefiting the most and under privileged being deprived of their due share in the development process. Opportunity costs of discrimination are very high, as it leads to many social and economic evils apart from retarding the pace of economic development. It has been demonstrated that the national output can be further expanded by improving the average level of productivity of each individual through appropriate social and economic policies directed towards equality to opportunity in the fields of education and health. Tourism has long been recognised as a tool for economic growth and development. However, it can be beneficial to the host economies when it creates jobs for the locals. Here qualitative dimensions of HRD become an important factor for education and training of local population as per the requirements of responsible tourism development. The dimensions, attributes and distribution of population the product of whose labour adds to national wealth constitute human resources. They are thus, the participants and beneficiaries of economic development. The demographic profile, migration and mobility and participation patterns in economic activity determine the quantitative aspects of actual and potential human resources. Investments in education and training, health and nutrition, and social welfare and quality promote quality of human resources through enhanced labour productivity. While quantitative and qualitative dimensions only regulate supply of human resources, the other aspect of human resources planning namely the demand for human resources crucially depends on the functioning and flexibility of labour markets. Labour market analysis is a principal instrument of human resources planning, as it helps identify skill shortages and also enables a diagnosis of market failure to match labour supply with demand. To facilitate labour market analysis, there is a need for a comprehensive and regularly updated labour market information system. The variables for determining the quantitative and qualitative dimension of human resource planning are: Quantitative Population policy, Population structure, Migration, and Labour force participation. Qualitative Education and training, Health and nutrition, and Equality of opportunity. These all are the points which directly or indirectly relates to the current legal requirements of the HR persons, which they had to consider while recruiting the people that what is going on in the market (in terms of population in there country, in terms of education and skills, health of the employee, age factors) Process for recruiting and selection of new staff The recruiting and selection of new staff is very sensitive because if HR people recruits any wrong person that can affect great loss to an organization and on the other hand if the recruitment is being done properly and HR people recruits right person for the right job then he/she will be useful or profitable for an organisation as well as the person who can achieve the targets of an organisation. Recruitment process can be done internally or externally that is online, telephonic, face to face interviews, exams related to the job profile. There are many ways for recruiting are as follows: Internal or External recruitment is being done. Successful Internal Recruitment. Referral Recruitment. Opening Job Position. HRM role at job interview. The attractive internal or external job poster. External Recruitment. ~ External Recruitment Success factors. ~ External Recruitment Channels. ~ Corporate website as a external recruitment job positioning tool. ~ External Recruitment Process Key Issues. ~ External Recruitment: Recruitment Agencies. ~ Setting KPIs for recruiting agencies. ~ Direct Search: The premiere external recruitment service. ~ Job Market Analysis. ~ Basic External Recruitment Measures. ~ Job website based external recruitment. ~ External Recruitment Competitive Advantage. General Recruitment ~ SWOT Analysis ~ Recruitment sources ~ Recruitment marketing ~ What is War for Talents? ~ Recruitment Strategy ~ Recruitment Strategy of differentiate ~ Recruitment Process Future ~ Recruitment Process Key Issues ~ Defining recruitment strategy ~ Best Performing Recruitment Source ~ Cost of the Recruitment Internal Recruitment ~ Internal Recruitment Benefits ~ Internal Recruitment Process Weaknesses ~ Internal versus External Job Candidates ~ Right Internal Recruitment Job Posting Job Resume ~ Quick selection of Job Resumes in Graduates Campaigns ~ Job Resume Components to Observe The Job Interview ~ HYPERLINK http://hrmadvice.com/hrmadvice/hr-processes/recruitment-and-selection/job-resume/job-resume-components-to-observe.htmlJob Interview Role ~ Job Interview Preparation ~ HRM Job Interview Questions Recruitment Process Design and Developments ~ What to find out before recruitment process design? ~ Designing Recruitment Process: Recruitment Measures ~ Simple Recruitment Process wins ~ Main Recruitment Process steps ~ Recruitment Analysis ~ Recruitment Process Outsourcing [(http://hrmadvice.com/hrmadvice/hr-processes/recruitment-and-selection.html) HRM Advice,  © 2008 HRM advice] Main steps for the recruitment process are as follows:- HYPERLINK http://hrmadvice.com/hrmadvice/hr-processes/recruitment-and-selection/job-resume/job-resume-components-to-observe.htmlJob Design Opening Job position. Collecting job resumes. Pre-selection of job resumes Job Interviews Job Offer [(http://hrmadvice.com/hrmadvice/hr-processes/recruitment-and-selection/recruitment-process-design-and-development/main-recruitment-process-steps.html) HRM Advice,  © 2008 HRM advice ] Part 3 The effects of the organisation environment on staff The organisation environment is being created by the organisation members itself therefore, the organisation environment effects on the staff and labour too, this includes in the internal environment of the organisation. If any of the staff is not working properly in any of the department then, it creates bad environment in the organisation, if that particular person is been not checked by his/her seniors, then while looking that particular person others also became lazy which is not good for an organisation, it may lead to the failure to achieve the goals and targets of an organisation. As some one had rightly said that, in bunch of apple if any of the apple is spoiled and it has been not throne then it spoils the whole bunch. The organisation environment effects the staff to do not achieve the organisation goals when the organisation is not providing the affective raw material to work out like the machinery, the area where the employees are going to work out, raw material are not available at the time of requirement, these all are the hindrance while achieving any goal of an organisation. There are many ways which effects the organisation environment are as follows: Person and Knowledge People those are working in an organization they should be correct skilled or knowledge people for the correct work, the age of the people affects the outcome of the work and in an department the mix people should be included as the experience people with the new people. Materials and Tools The quality and quantity of the input materials must be provided to an employees to easily work without wasting time on the collecting of materials e.g. pencil, scale, providing of the internet. The tools can be used for the labour people that the tools must working under the good condition if any requirement is there that should be told earlier to labour supervisor. Equipments The equipments must be up to the date and fit for the purpose. e.g. Assignment is being given the faculty and in the college no books are available for an particular assignment if it is available then the books are not in good condition to read out and understand it, therefore it is difficult to prepare a good and effective assignment, which leads to fail to achieve a goal. Employees motivation is also affects to an organisation, if the employees were not motivated properly at time of the motivation then it may lead to the failure of an organisation to achieve goals which affects to the environment of an organisation which affects to the other departments and at the end the environment affects on the productivity of an organisation which fails the whole process of an organisation. The Work life balance issue and the changing pattern of work practices 1) Meet needs of expansion / downsizing programmes. 2) Nature of present workforce in relation with Changing Environment helps to cope with changes in competitive forces, markets, technology, products and government regulations. 3) Cater to Future Personnel Needs. 4) Each Organisation needs personnel with necessary qualifications, skills, knowledge, experience aptitude. 5) Meet manpower shortages due to labour turnover. 6) Need for Replacement of Personnel -Replacing old, retired or disabled personnel. Shift in demand from ERP to internet programming has increased internet programmers assess staffing levels to avoid unnecessary costs. reduce delays in procuring staff. prevent shortage / excess of staff quantify job for producing product / service. comply with legal requirements determine future staff-mix quantify people positions required In organisational development, succession planning is the process of identifying and preparing suitable employees, through mentor, training and job rotation, to replace key personnel within an organisation if they leave. All employers need to consider the issue of succession planning to ensure that no part of the business is at risk should a particular member of staff leave the organisation. With good succession planning, employees are ready for new leadership roles as the need arises. Moreover, when someone leaves, a current employee is ready to step up to the plate. In addition, succession planning can help develop a diverse workforce, allowing decision makers to look at the future make-up of the organisation as a whole. Develop a succession plan for internal replacements, and if you will need to hire, think about the type of person or skills you will need so that if the situation arises you have already done some of the groundwork. In your succession plan you may wish to consider: staff interchange where employees swap jobs within the organisation in order to have experience in multiple positions; formal or informal mentor arrangements; coaching of staff; identification of suitable professional development activities for high-performing staff; making agreements to introduce flexible working arrangements; creating forward-thinking internal promotion policies; supporting staff to take increased responsibility; the allocation of higher-grade duties or assignments. Part 4 Process Steps There are four main grievance process steps: discovery, conciliation, internal review and arbitration. Discovery It means the date when the member raised any grievance against the any member or his/her senior, or it may be reasonably discovered, that particular circumstance leads to the grievance. Conciliation In this the grievance between faculty member and the board sitting in the lowest administrative is being tried to resolved as soon as possible, this is the informal effort before filing for the formal grievance. This is being assisted by a FA-appointed campus conciliator. Internal Review Hearing A informal meeting is being called by president, or the presidents designee. The president listens to the grievance, the responding administrator and their representatives as they address the allegations contained in a timely Notice of Grievance that has been filed with the District. The president writes an Internal Review Hearing decision regarding the Notice of Grievance allegations. Arbitration Hearing Before the formal hearing the arbitrator choose seven candidates from the list those are supplied by the State Conciliation Service. Both parties and all testimony as witnesses is under oath by Legal counsel. After reviewing evidence, testimony and argument briefs from both parties, the arbitrator renders a written decision that is binding on both parties. Discipline issues that result in dismissals Disciplinary and grievance procedures provide a clear and transparent framework to deal with difficulties which may arise as part of their working relationship from either the employers or employees perspective. Informal oral warning is given to the minor and not part of the formal disciplinary procedure. Formal oral warning Written warning or sometimes second time written warning. Final written warning Dismissal While given the previous warning there is effect and misconduct continues then we should move on to the next stages of the procedure. If misconduct is serious but falls short of the misconduct, then other options are transfer the worker to another job non payment of bonuses demotion Dismissal When the severest problem occurs then the dismissal is required. While giving warning it should be clear that the repetition of misconduct will be the dismissal. The dismissal can be done without giving any notice at time of the gross misconduct by the any person or pay in lieu of notice but we must try to follow the procedure. We can suspend a worker on a full pay but the investigation is being carried out. In employment contract the allowing provision of suspension is an good idea. The suspension should be made on the proper and reasonable cause and it should be used at the time of extreme and it shows that before we had consider the alternative procedure of transfer.(http://www.is4profit.com/business-advice/employment/handling-grievance-and-discipline-procedures/types-of-disciplinary-action.html , is4profit, copyright ©2000-2010 is4profit) The role of the Acas Code of Practice The Acas Code of Practice Disciplinary and Grievance Procedures was revised to reflect the removal of the statutory procedures and a new version came into force on 6 April 2009. CIPD endorses the Code. Following it is crucially important for employers: an employment tribunal will consider whether the employer has followed the Code and, if they have not, then the tribunal may adjust any awards made by up to 25% for unreasonable failure to comply. In situations where the trigger event occurs on or after 6 April 2009, an employment tribunal will consider whether the employer has followed the Acas Code and, if they have not, then the tribunal may adjust any awards made by up to 25% for unreasonable failure to comply. CIPD members can find out more on the content of the Code, the legal aspects of this topic and likely future developments from our FAQ on Discipline and grievances procedures in the Employment Law at Work area of our website. Disciplinary policy and practice Using the disciplinary process There are two main areas where a disciplinary system may be used: capability/performance and conduct. Capability/performance It happens that the performance of the employee is not up to the mark in the work place, at that time also the employer faces many difficulties and at that time employer can take some harsh steps against the employee. Many employers will have a specific capability procedure to deal with such matters and it is good that the employers deals with this issue without addressing formally, and when it arise, and the informal options are being exhausted and there is no alternative of it then the managers enter to the formal disciplinary or capability procedure. Situations where an individual is unable to do their job because of ill-health may also fall into this category. In these instances an employee should be dealt with sympathetically and offered suppor